Safe Opioid Storage and Disposal: A Survey of Patient Beliefs and Practices.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge, practices, and beliefs of US patients receiving prescription opioids regarding opioid storage, disposal, and diversion. DESIGN: Internet-based, cross-sectional survey conducted between September and October 2018. Fisher's exact tests and Kendall's Tau-c were used to assess associations with storage and disposal outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≥18 years with acute (n=250) or chronic noncancer (n=250) pain were prescribed an oral opioid within 90 days of the survey. RESULTS: Mean (SD) patient age was 48 (14.7) years, 57.2% were female, 82.6% lived with ≥1 person in the home, and 28.0% had remaining/unused pills. One-third of all patients received safe opioid storage (35.2%) and/or disposal (31.4%) counseling from a healthcare provider, while 50.0% received neither storage nor disposal information. Only 27.4% of all patients stored their opioids in a locked location, and 17.9% of those with remaining/unused pills disposed of their medication. Patients who received any opioid counseling were more likely to keep their medication in a locked location compared with those who did not (42.4% vs 12.4%, respectively; P<0.0001), as were those who perceived any risk of opioid diversion in the home compared with those who perceived no risk or were unsure (53.7% vs 24.2%, respectively; P<0.0001). Disposal rates did not differ based on counseling received (20.8% counseled vs 16.1% not counseled; P=0.5011) or perceived diversion risk (27.8% perceived any risk vs 16.4% perceived no risk or unsure; P=0.3166). CONCLUSION: The proportion of patients receiving prescription opioids who receive safe storage/disposal counseling from a healthcare provider appears suboptimal. Further research is warranted to develop effective ways to improve patient opioid storage/disposal education and practices.

Bowel complications of deep endometriosis during pregnancy or in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To review bowel complications caused by deep endometriosis during pregnancy or in vitro fertilization (IVF). DESIGN: Three case reports and a systematic review. SETTING: A tertiary referral center for deep endometriosis surgery. PATIENT(S): Three case reports of bowel perforation or occlusion during pregnancy caused by deep endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S): A PubMed search was conducted to identify complications of deep endometriosis during pregnancy or IVF. The literature search identified 13 articles. According to these, 12 articles described 12 bowel complications caused by progression of deep endometriosis during pregnancy, and 1 article described six cases of bowel occlusion during IVF. RESULT(S): In 12 of 15 women, complications occurred during the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas 3 of 15 women presented with complications in the postpartum period. All complications during IVF occurred during stimulation. No specific factors that could predict these complications were identified, leading to the conclusion that endometriosis complications that occur in pregnancy or in IVF patients are probably underreported. CONCLUSION(S): Bowel complications during pregnancy or IVF stimulation may occur in women with deep endometriosis. This suggests that the endocrine environment of pregnancy does not prevent progression, at least in some women. These complications are rare, although probably underreported.

The source of error in the estimation of intertwin birth weight discordance.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the accuracy of paired estimated fetal weights (EFWs) to predict three levels of twin birth weight discordance (>15%, >20% and >25%). METHOD: a cohort of twin pairs underwent ultrasound examinations within 2 weeks from birth. We calculated the frequency of under- and overestimation of the actual birth weight (< or >10%, respectively) in the entire cohort as well in the subset of mono- and dichorionic pairs. RESULTS: discordance was largely underestimated (observed 10.4 ± 0.8% compared to actual 19.2 ± 1.1%, P=0.001) because the larger twin was more frequently underestimated [30.6 vs. 17.7%, odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 3.9 in the entire cohort, and 34.2 vs. 13.1%, OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.4, 8.4 in the dichorionic pairs]. Overall, the specificity for detecting the three levels of discordance was adequate (91.5-94.2%) but the sensitivity was poor (11.1-17.8%) and tended to decrease with increasing discordance level. CONCLUSION: the poor ability of paired EFWs to diagnose birth weight discordance results from underestimation of the larger twin.

Desfecho da gravidez nas jovens adolescentes / Teenage pregnancy outcome

OBJETIVO: comparar parto e seguimento de gravidez entre grávidas adolescentes e não-adolescentes que pariram num hospital terciário da região de Lisboa (Portugal). MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo com 10.656 partos. Foram avaliados: seguimento da gravidez, idade gestacional no parto, tipo de parto, necessidade de episiotomia e lacerações graves, índice de Apgar no quinto minuto e peso ao nascer. As grávidas foram divididas em dois grupos, acima e abaixo dos 20 anos. O grupo abaixo dos 20 anos foi depois subdividido entre grávidas com menos ou mais de 16 anos. Foi usado o teste do χ2 para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: as adolescentes tiveram pior seguimento: primeira consulta após as 12 semanas (46,4 versus 26,3 por cento) e menos de quatro consultas (8,1 versus 3,1 por cento), menos distocia (21,5 versus 35,1 por cento), menos cesarianas (10,6 versus 20,7 por cento) e menor necessidade de indução do trabalho de parto (16,5 versus 26,5 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa para idade gestacional no parto e taxa de recém-nascidos de baixo peso. Entre adolescentes, as menores de 16 anos tiveram mais recém-nascidos de baixo peso (12 versus 7,4 por cento) e mais partos entre 34 e 37 semanas (10,8 versus 4,2 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: num hospital com serviço dedicado a grávidas adolescentes com apoio social e psicológico, apesar de pior seguimento pré-natal vigilância, o seu desempenho não foi pior. Uma atenção especial deve, no entanto, ser dada a grávidas abaixo dos 16 anos.

PURPOSE: to compare delivery and pregnancy follow-up among adolescent and non-adolescent pregnant women whose delivery occurred in a tertiary hospital from Região de Lisboa (Portugal). METHODS: retrospective study with 10,656 deliveries. Pregnancy follow-up, delivery type, need of episiotomy and severe lacerations, Apgar index at the fifth minute and the delivery weight have been evaluated. The pregnant women were divided into two groups, over and under 20 years old. The group with women under 20 was further subdivided in pregnant women under or over 16. The χ2 test has been used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: adolescents presented worse follow-up: first appointment after 12 weeks (46.4 versus 26.3 percent) and less than four appointments (8.1 versus 3.1 percent), less dystocia (21.5 versus 35.1 percent), less caesarian sections (10.6 versus 20.7 percent), and lower need for inducing labor (16.5 versus 26.5 percent). There was no significant difference concerning gestational age at delivery and ratio of low weight newborns. Among adolescents, the ones under 16 had more low weight newborns (12 versus 7.4 percent) and more deliveries between 34 and 37 weeks (10.8 versus 4.2 percent). CONCLUSIONS: in a hospital attending adolescents with social and psychological support, the fact of them having had a worse follow-up in the pre-natal phase, their performance has not been worse. Nevertheless, special attention might be given to pregnant women under 16.

[Teenage pregnancy outcome]. / Desfecho da gravidez nas jovens adolescentes.

PURPOSE: to compare delivery and pregnancy follow-up among adolescent and non-adolescent pregnant women whose delivery occurred in a tertiary hospital from Região de Lisboa (Portugal). METHODS: retrospective study with 10,656 deliveries. Pregnancy follow-up, delivery type, need of episiotomy and severe lacerations, Apgar index at the fifth minute and the delivery weight have been evaluated. The pregnant women were divided into two groups, over and under 20 years old. The group with women under 20 was further subdivided in pregnant women under or over 16. The chi2 test has been used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: adolescents presented worse follow-up: first appointment after 12 weeks (46.4 versus 26.3%) and less than four appointments (8.1 versus 3.1%), less dystocia (21.5 versus 35.1%), less caesarian sections (10.6 versus 20.7%), and lower need for inducing labor (16.5 versus 26.5%). There was no significant difference concerning gestational age at delivery and ratio of low weight newborns. Among adolescents, the ones under 16 had more low weight newborns (12 versus 7.4%) and more deliveries between 34 and 37 weeks (10.8 versus 4.2%). CONCLUSIONS: in a hospital attending adolescents with social and psychological support, the fact of them having had a worse follow-up in the pre-natal phase, their performance has not been worse. Nevertheless, special attention might be given to pregnant women under 16.